鲁    滨    逊    漂    流    记   ( 节    选   )

 从    前   , 有    一    个    叫    鲁    滨    逊    的    英    国    人   , 他    喜    欢    航    海    和    冒    险   , 到    过    世    界    上    很    多    地    方   , 碰    到    过    许    多    危    险   , 但    他    一    点    儿    也    不    畏    惧   , 希    望    走    遍    天    涯    海    角   
 有    一    次   , 鲁    滨    逊    乘    船    前    往    非    洲   , 途    中    遇    上    大    风   , 船    严    重    受    损   ,  同    伴    们    在    乘    小    艇    逃    生    时    都    死    在    海    里   , 只    有    他    一    个    人    被    大    浪    冲    到    海    岛     边   。 这    是    一    个    无    名    的   、 没    有    人    居    住    的    荒    岛   , 到    处    是    乱    石    野    草   。 他    又     累    又    饿   , 心    里    想   : 流    落    到    这    种    地    方   , 怎    样    活    下    去    呢   ?
 等    到    潮    水    退    了   , 鲁    滨    逊    看    到    那    大    船    竟    然    还    浮    在    海    面    上   , 离    岸    并    不    远   。 他    游    到    船    边   , 用    船    上    的    桅    杆   、 木    板    制    成    了    木    筏   , 运    送    从    船    上    带    来    的    物    品   。 在    船    舱    里   , 鲁    滨    逊    找    到    很    多    可    以    用   、 可    以    吃    的    东    西   , 陆    续    搬    到    岸    上   。 没    有    淹    死    的    一    条    狗   、 两    只    猫    陪    着    他   , 这    使    他    在    凄    凉    中    感    到    一    丝    安    慰   
 鲁    滨    逊    走    遍    荒    岛   , 在    山    坡    上    选    择    了    一    块    有    水    源   、 可    以    防    御    野    兽    的    地    方   , 用    木    头    和    船    帆    搭    起    一    座    简    陋    的    帐    篷   。 那    儿    可    以    看    到    海    面   , 他    希    望    瞧    见    过    往    的    船    只   , 以    便    请    求    救    援   
 鲁    滨    逊    在    岛    上    定    居    下    来   , 过    着    寂    寞    的    生    活   。 船    上    搬    下    来    的    食    物    越    来    越    少   , 要    想    活    下    去   , 就    得    想    办    法   
 这    个    部    分    是    全    书    的    内    容    梗    概   
 他    每    天    要    么    拿    着    枪   , 带    着    狗    到    森    林    里    去    打    猎   , 要    么    到    海    边    去    捕    鱼   , 还    把    捕    到    的    活    山    羊    畜    养    起    来   。 后    来    他    竟    有    了    成    群    的    山    羊   , 可    以    常    喝    羊    奶   , 吃    羊    肉   。 鲁    滨    逊    从    船    上    搬    来    的    东    西    里    还    有    一    些    麦    子   , 由    于    被    老    鼠    啃    过    了   , 他    就    随    意    把    它    们    丢    撒    在    地    上   , 没    想    到    不    久    竟    长    出    了    嫩    芽   , 后    来    又    结    出    了    穗    子   。 他    用    这    点    儿    麦    种    反    复    种    收   , 到    了    第    四    年   , 终    于    吃    到    了    自    己    种    的    粮    食   
 很    多    年    过    去    了   。 有    一    天   , 鲁    滨    逊    忽    然    发    现    海    边    沙    滩    上    出    现    了    人    的    脚    印   。 他    惊    恐    万    分   , 猜    想    这    一    定    是    附    近    的    野    人    留    下    来    的   。 他    担    心    这    些    野    人    会    来    吃    掉    他   , 于    是    在    住    所    前    的    空    地    上    密    密    麻    麻    地    插    上    树    枝    作    防    御   , 又    把    羊    分    在    几    个    地    方    圈    养   。 他    在    这    种    不    安    的    心    情    下    又    生    活    了    两    年   。 后    来   , 鲁    滨    逊    再    一    次    看    到    野    人    留    下    的    生    火    的    痕    迹    和    满    地    的     人    骨   , 他    不    由    得    联    想    到    他    们    野    蛮    的    宴    会   。 鲁    滨    逊    在    恐    惧    之    中    开    始    考   
 虑    怎    样    对    付    这    些    可    能    出    现    的    野    人   
 又    过    了    几    年   , 有    一    天   , 鲁    滨    逊    看    到    三    十    多    个    野    人    乘    着    小    木    船    上    了    岸   。 他    们    拖    出    两    个    倒    霉    的    同    伴   , 杀    了    其    中    一    个    人   , 另    一    个    则    挣    扎    着    逃    跑   。 他    逃    的    方    向    正    是    鲁    滨    逊    住    所    的    方    向   。 鲁    滨    逊    决    心    救    下    这    个    逃    跑    的    野    人   , 于    是    开    枪    打    死    了    追    赶    他    的    两    个    野    人   。 他    给    救    下    的    野    人    取    名    星    期    五   。 星    期    五    很    快    成    了    他    的    好    帮    手   , 他    们    愉    快    地    生    活    在    岛    上   , 扩    大    了    粮    食    种    植    面    积   , 又    增    加    了    几    个    羊    圈   , 晒    了    很    多    葡    萄    干   。 鲁    滨    逊    差    不    多    淡    忘    了    要    回    到    英    国   、 回    到    文    明    社    会    的    想    法   
 有    一    天    清    晨   , 鲁    滨    逊    被    星    期    五    喊    醒   , 原    来   , 有    一    艘    英    国    船    只    正    在    附    近    停    泊    着   。 他    发    现    这    艘    船    上    发    生    了    叛    乱   , 水    手    们    绑    架    了    船    长   。 鲁    滨    逊    和    星    期    五    救    出    了    船    长   , 船    长    愉    快    地    答    应    带    他    们    回    英    国    去   
 在    荒    岛    上    度    过    了    二    十    八    年    后   , 鲁    滨    逊    终    于    回    到    了    英    国   
 我    现    在    处    在    一    个    令    人    忧    伤    的   、 没    有    言    语    交    流    的    生    活    场    景    中   , 也    许    这    种    生    活    在    世    界    上    是    前    所    未    有    的   。 但    我    必    须    接    受    这    种    生    活   , 并    且    一    天    一    天    过    下    去   。 根    据    我    的    估    算   , 我    是    在    月    日    登    上    了    这    个    荒    无    人    烟    的    岛   。 当    时    正    是    秋    分    前    后   , 太    阳    正    好    在    我    的    头    顶    上   , 所    以    我    估    计    自    己    是    在    北    纬    度    分    的    地    方   
 在    岛    上    待    了    十    一    二    天    以    后   , 我    忽    然    想    到   , 由    于    没    有    本    子   、 笔    和     墨    水   , 我    将    没    法    估    算    日    子   , 甚    至    分    不    清    休    息    日    和    工    作    日   。 为    了    避    免     这    种    情    况   , 我    用    刀    子    在    一    根    大    木    杆    上    刻    了    一    些    字   , 并    把    它    做    成    一    个   
 本    文    选    自   《 鲁    滨    逊    漂    流    记   》, 作    者    是    英    国    的    丹    尼    尔    笛    福   , 译    者    鹿    金   , 选    作    课    文    时    有    改    动   
 大    十    字    架   , 竖    在    我    第    一    次    登    岸    的    地    方   , 上    面    刻    着   : 年    月    日   , 我    在    这    里    登    岸   。 在    这    根    方    木    杆    的    侧    面   , 我    每    天    用    刀    子    刻    一    道    痕   , 每    第    七    道    刻    痕    比    其    他    的    长    一    倍   , 每    月    第    一    天    的    刻    痕    再    长    一    倍   , 这    样   , 我    就    有    了    日    历   
 我    几    次    到    船    上    去   , 取    出    了    许    多    东    西   。 有    几    件    虽    然    不    值    什    么    钱   , 对    我    来    说    却    很    有    用   , 比    如    笔   、 墨    水   , 还    有    纸   , 在    船    长   、 大    副   、 炮    手    和    木    匠    保    管    的    物    品    中    找    到    的    几    个    包    裹   、 三    四    个    罗    盘   、 几    台    数    学    仪    器   , 还    有    日    晷   、 望    远    镜   、 地    图    和    航    海    类    的    书    籍   。 我    把    它    们    一    股    脑    堆    在    一    起   , 以    备    不    时    之    需   
 还    要    提    到    的    是   , 我    们    的    船    上    有    一    条    狗    和    两    只    猫   。 那    两    只    猫    是    我     带    上    岸    的   ; 至    于    那    条    狗   , 是    在    我    带    着    第    一    批    货    上    岸    的    第    二    天   , 它    自   
 己    从    船    上    跳    出    来   , 游    上    岸    到    我    这    儿    来    的   , 在    以    后    的    许    多    年    里    是    我    可    信    任    的    仆    役   。 我    不    稀    罕    它    给    我    弄    来    什    么    东    西   , 也    不    稀    罕    它    同    我    做    伴   , 我    只    需    要    它    同    我    聊    聊    天   , 但    是    它    却    办    不    到   。 找    到    了    笔   、 墨    水    和    纸    之    后   , 我    尽    最    大    的    可    能    节    省    使    用   。 只    要    我    还    有    墨    水   , 就    能    把    事    情    记    得    非    常    准    确   。 但    是    墨    水    用    完    以    后   , 我    就    办    不    到    了   , 因    为    我    想    尽    办    法    还    是    制    造    不    出    墨    水    来   
 尽    管    我    收    罗    了    这    么    多    东    西   , 还    是    缺    少    许    多   , 比    如    墨    水   , 还    有    用    来    挖    土    或    者    运    土    的    铲    子   、 鹤    嘴    锄   、 铁    锨   , 以    及    针    线   。 至    于    内    衣    之    类   , 虽    然    缺    乏   , 但    我    很    快    就    习    惯    了   
 没    有    工    具   , 干    什    么    都    困    难    重    重   。 我    几    乎    花    了    一    年    工    夫    才    完    全    布    置    好    我    那    个    用    栅    栏    围    起    来    的    小    小    的    住    所   。 那    些    尖    桩    或    者    圆    桩    沉    得    很   , 我    要    使    出    全    力    才    举    得    起    来   。 我    花    了    好    长    的    时    间    才    砍    下    那    些    木    材   , 并    且    在    林    子    里    加    工    好   , 再    花    上    更    长    的    时    间    把    它    们    运    回    家   。 也    就    是    说   , 我    需    要    花    两    天    时    间    砍    成    一    根    木    桩    并    运    回    来   , 在    第    三    天    才    把    它    打    进    地    里   。 我    最    初    用    一    根    很    沉    的    木    棒    打    桩   , 后    来    想    到    了    用    铁    撬    棒    打   。 尽    管    如    此   , 打    起    桩    来    还    是    很    费    劲   , 而    且    非    常    麻    烦   
 但    是   , 我    既    然    不    得    不    干    这    活    儿   , 又    有    的    是    时    间   , 有    什    么    必    要    介    意    呢   ? 这    活    儿    要    是    干    完    了    的    话   , 除    了    在    岛    上    转    悠   , 寻    找    吃    的    以    外   , 那    我    也    没    有    其    他    的    事    可    干    了   
 我    现    在    开    始    认    真    考    虑    我    的    处    境   。 我   —— 记    下    我    经    历    的    事    情   , 并    不    是    想    把    自    身    的    遭    遇    传    给    后    人    看   , 而    是    要    把    一    直    萦    系    在    我    心    头   、 不    断    折    磨    着    我    的    想    法    吐    露    出    来   。 我    的    理    智    现    在    已    经    逐    渐    能    够    控    制    我    的    沮    丧    心    情   , 我    开    始    尽    可    能    地    安    慰    自    己   , 把    我    遇    到    的    凶    险    和    幸    运    作    个    对    比   , 使    自    己    能    够    心    平    气    和   。 我    按    照    商    业    簿    记    中    借    方    和    贷    方    的    格    式   , 如    实    记    录    了    我    所    遇    到    的    幸    与    不    幸   :
 上   , 没    有    重    见    天    日    的    希    望   
 我    被    抛    弃    在    一    座    可    怕    的    荒    岛     但    是    我    还    活    着   , 没    有    像    我    的     伙    伴    们    一    样    被    淹    死   
 绝   ,  受    尽    苦    难   
 我    被    单    独    剔    出    来   , 与    世    隔     但    是   , 我    也    免    于    死    亡   , 而    船     上    其    他    人    员    都    已    丧    命   
 为    一    个    孤    独    的    人   
 我    被    从    人    类    中    分    离    出    来   , 成     但    是   , 我    在    这    片    荒    芜    的    土    地     上    既    没    有    挨    饿   , 也    没    有    奄    奄    待    毙   
 我    没    有    衣    服    穿   
 但    是   ,  我    身    处    热    带   ,  即    使     有    衣    服    也    不    用    穿   
 段    来    抵    抗    人    或    野    兽    的    侵    袭   
 我    没    有    任    何    防    御    力    量    或    者    手     但    是   , 在    这    里    我    看    不    见    会     伤    害    我    的    野    兽   ,  在    非    洲    海    岸    上   ,  我    却    看    见    过   。 要    是    我    的    船    在    那     儿    倾    覆   ,  该    怎    么    办    呢   ?
 没    有    人    可    以    同    我    说    话   , 或    者     宽    慰    我   
 但    是   ,  船    漂    到    了    离    岸    很    近    的     地    方   ,  我    取    出    了    很    多    必    需    品   ,  有     些    甚    至    够    我    用    一    辈    子   
 总    的    说    来   , 这    是    世    界    上    少    有    的    叫    人    受    尽    折    磨    的    处    境   , 但    是    其    中    也    有    一    些    值    得    宽    慰    的    东    西   。 这    场    世    界    上    苦    难    最    深    重    的    经    历    告    诉    世    人   : 在    困    境    中   , 我    们    可    以    把    好    处    和    坏    处    对    照    起    来    看   , 并    且    从    中    找    到    一    些    东    西    来    宽    慰    自    己   
 现    在   , 我    对    自    己    的    处    境    稍    稍    有    了    一    点    儿    焉    知    非    福    的    想    法   , 我    不    再    远    眺    大    海   , 一    心    想    看    到    船    的    踪    影    了   。 我    着    手    调    整    我    的    生    活    方    式   , 尽    我    可    能    把    一    切    安    排    得    舒    舒    服    服   
 默    读    梗    概   , 想    想    这    部    小    说    写    了    鲁    滨    逊    流    落    荒    岛    的    哪    些    事   , 用    小    标    题    的    方    式    列    出    来   
 最    近    你    遇    到    什    么    困    难    和    烦    恼    了    吗   ? 像    鲁    滨    逊    一    样    把    坏    处    与    好    处    列    出    来   , 再    说    说    这    样    做    对    你    是    否    有    帮    助   

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