业    蟋    蟀    的    住    宅   

 居    住    在    草    地    上    的    蟋    蟀   , 差    不    多    和    蝉    一    样    有    名   。 它    的    出    名    不    光    由    于    它    的    唱    歌   , 还    由    于    它    的    住    宅   
 别    的    昆    虫    大    多    在    临    时    的    隐    蔽    所    藏    身   。 它    们    的    隐    蔽    所    得    来    不    费    功    夫   , 弃    去    毫    不    可    惜   。 蟋    蟀    和    它    们    不    同   , 不    肯    随    遇    而    安   。 它    常    常    慎    重    地    选    择    住    址   , 一    定    要    排    水    优    良   , 并    且    有    温    和    的    阳    光   。 它    不    利    用    现    成    的    洞    穴   。 它    的    舒    服    的    住    宅    是    自    己    一    点    儿    一    点    儿    挖    掘    的   , 从    大    厅    一    直    到    卧    室   
 蟋    蟀    怎    么    会    有    建    筑    住    宅    的    才    能    呢   ? 它    有    特    别    好    的    工    具    吗   ? 没    有   。 蟋    蟀    并    不    是    挖    掘    技    术    的    专    家   , 它    的    工    具    是    那    样    柔    弱   , 所    以    人    们    对    它    的    劳    动    成    果    感    到    惊    奇   
 在    儿    童    时    代   , 我    到    草    地    上    去    捉    蟋    蟀   , 把    它    们    养    在    笼    子    里   , 用    菜    叶    喂    它    们   。 现    在    为    了    研    究    蟋    蟀   , 我    又    搜    索    起    它    们    的    巢    穴    来   
 在    朝    着    阳    光    的    堤    岸    上   , 青    草    丛    中    隐    藏    着    一    条    倾    斜    的    隧    道   , 即    使    有    骤    雨   , 这    里    也    立    刻    就    会    干    的   。 隧    道    顺    着    地    势    弯    弯    曲    曲   , 最    多    九    寸    深   , 一    指    宽   , 这    便    是    蟋    蟀    的    住    宅   。 出    口   
 的    地    方    总    有    一    丛    草    半    掩    着   , 就    像    一    座    门   。 蟋    蟀    出    来    吃    周    围    的    嫩    草   , 绝    不    去    碰    这    一    丛    草   。 那    微    斜    的    门    口   , 经    过    仔    细    耙    扫   , 收    拾    得    很    平    坦   。 这    就    是    蟋    蟀    的    平    台   。 当    四    周    很    安    静    的    时    候   , 蟋    蟀    就    在    这    平    台    上    弹    琴   
 屋    子    的    内    部    没    什    么    布    置   , 但    是    墙    壁    很    光    滑   。 主    人    有    的    是    时    间   , 把    粗    糙    的    地    方    修    理    平    整   。 大    体    上    讲   , 住    所    是    很    简    朴    的   , 清    洁   、 干    燥   , 很    卫    生   。 假    使    我    们    想    到    蟋    蟀    用    来    挖    掘    的    工    具    是    那    样    简    单   , 这    座    住    宅    真    可    以    算    是    伟    大    的    工    程    了   
 蟋    蟀    盖    房    子    大    多    是    在    十    月   , 秋    天    初    寒    的    时    候   。 它    用    前    足     扒    土   , 还    用    钳    子    似    的    大    颚    搬    掉    较    大    的    土    块   。 它    用    强    有    力    的    后     足    踏    地   。 后    腿    上    有    两    排    锯   , 用    它    们    将    泥    土    推    到    后    面   , 倾    斜    地     铺    开   
 工    作    做    得    很    快   。 蟋    蟀    钻    到    土    底    下    干    活   , 如    果    感    到    疲    劳   , 它    就    在    未    完    工    的    家    门    口    休    息    一    会    儿   , 头    朝    着    外    面   , 触    须    轻   
 微    地    摆    动   。 不    大    一    会    儿   ,  它    又    进    去    继    续    工    作   。 我    一     连    看    了    两    个    钟    头   , 看    得    有     些    不    耐    烦    了   
 住    宅    的    重    要    部    分    快    完    成    了   。 洞    已    经    挖    了    有    两    寸     深   , 够    宽    敞    的    了   。 余    下    的     是    长    时    间    的    整    修   , 今    天    做   
 一    点    儿   , 明    天    做    一    点    儿   。 这    个    洞    可    以    随    天    气    的    变    冷    和    它    身    体    的    增    长    而    加    深    加    阔   。 即    使    在    冬    天   , 只    要    天    气    温    和   , 太    阳    晒    到    它    住    宅    的    门    口   , 还    可    以    看    见    蟋    蟀    从    里    面    不    断    地    抛    出    泥    土    来   
 宅     隐     毫     慎     址     良     掘     搜     倾     骤     置     抛   
 蟋    蟀    体    形    微    扁   ,  头    部    圆    形   ,  触    角    长   ,  呈    线    状   。 有    翅    时   ,  翅    平    叠    于    躯    体    上   。 多    数    体    色    呈    褐    色    或    黑    色   ,  深    浅    不    一   。 雄    虫    利    用    位    于    前    翅    基    部    的    脊    产    生    求    偶    鸣    声   。 多    数    雌    性    的    产    卵    器    很    显    著   ,  呈    筒    状    或    针    状   
 选    自    英    国    麦    加    文    的   《 昆    虫   》, 王    琛    柱    译   , 有    改    动   

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